A machine is a process of entering data into a machine computer in a language that can be understood by the CNC machine itself. The programming language that can be understood and understood by a CNC machine computer is in the form of numeric. Which is a language that is a combination of letters and numbers. For that, we must enter a program into the CNC machine computer so that it can process data information and change it in the form of movement commands on the cutting tool or workpiece.
But before that, we will describe a little about the working principle of the CNC machine first, yes. Check out the brief explanation below.
Working Principles of CNC Machines
The work steps in making products using CNC machines are almost the same as manufacturing machines in general. But there is only additional control from the computer in regulating machine movements. The working principle of a CNC machine is when the program is run, data will be sent to the processor. Then the processor which acts as the brain of the CNC machine reads the data in the program and then instructs the actuator to move according to the program to produce a product that fits the design.
In carrying out the commands of the movement of the cutting tool to achieve the desired goal, a programming language is needed, in the form of codes in the form of letters and numbers as well as programming methods. This programming uses a numeric known as code language that has been standardized by ISO and DIN. The language code that is entered into the machine can be in the form of G code, M code, and S code.
So What Is The G Code, M Code, and S Code?
In the programming language, G code means Geometry, so G code is more related to commands about machine geometry such as tool movement direction, input units and so on. While the M code is more about setting machine functions such as moving the spindle, flowing coolant and so on. And for the S code or speed to set how fast the spindle is spinning.
The following is a table of commonly used G and M.
G Code
| No. | G Code | Function |
| 1. | G00 | Non motion |
| 2. | G01 | according to Feed |
| 3. | G02 | circular interpolation CW |
| 4. | G03 | Circular interpolation CCW |
| 5. | G04 | Program stops at specified time |
| 6. | G17 | X,Y field selection |
| 7. | G20 | Inch input |
| 8. | G21 | mm Input |
| 9. | G28 | Back to Reference Point |
| 10. | G31 | Skip Command |
| 11. | G40 | Cutter compensation cancel |
| 12. | G41 | left cutter compensation |
| 13. | G42 | right cutter compensation |
| 14. | G52 | Setting Local Coordinates |
| 15. | G54 G55 G56 G57 | Coordinate System Workpiece |
| 16. | G80 | Canceling Cycle Work |
| 17. | G81 | Hole Making |
| 18. | G82 | Counter Hole Making |
| 19. | G85 | Boring Step Count |
| 20. | G90 | Absolute System Command |
| 21. | G91 | Incremental System Command |
| 22. | G94 | Cutting Speed ​​per Minute |
| 23. | G98 | Return to Cycle Initial point |
| 24. | G99 | Return to point R Cycle |
M Code
| NO | Code M | Function |
| 1. | M00 | Program Stop |
| 2. | M01 | Optional Program Stop |
| 3. | M02 | End Program |
| 4. | M03 | Spindle on CW |
| 5. | M04 | Spindle on CCW |
| 6. | M05 | Spindle stop |
| 7. | M06 | Alternate Tool |
| 8. | M08 | Turn on Coolant |
| 9. | M09 | Turn off Coolant |
| 10. | M19 | Spindle Orientation |
| 11. | M28 | Back to Reference Point |
| 12. | M29 | Tapping Process |
| 13. | M30 | End of Program (Reset) |
| 14. | M41 | Low Gear Selection |
| 15. | M42 | High Gear Selection |
| 16. | M94 | Cancel Image |
| 17. | M95 | Image Mirroring with X Axis |
| 18. | M96 | Image Mirroring with Y Axis |
| 19. | M98 | Subprogram Calls |
| 20. | M99 | End of Program Soup |
codes are commonly called programming language codes. This code language functions as a means of communication between the machine and the user, namely providing data information to the machine that must be run.
After understanding the code in the programming language, then how to write the data to the CNC machine? See how to
Writing Program on CNC Machine
a program on a CNC machine, it must comply with the format and structure of the program that has been set. Below is an example of the format for writing a CNC Milling machine program
| N | G/M | X | Y | Z | F |
Information :
- N : Program Number
- G/M : Program Command
- X : X Axis Amount
- Y : Y Axis Amount
- Z : Z Axis Amount
- F : Feed Rate
Example :
| N | G/M/S | X | Y | Z | F |
| 01 | G54 | ||||
| 02 | M03 S1000 | ||||
| 03 | G00 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 04 | G01 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 60 |
| 05 | M05 | ||||
| 06 | M30 |
- (G54) Setting the initial coordinates of the workpiece (if previously set)
- (M03) The machine spindle rotates clockwise. (S1000) Spindle speed 1000 rpm
- (G00) motion without cutting. (X50) moves lengthwise as far as 50 mm to the right
- (G01) the slicing motion of the workpiece. (Y50) moves transversely forward a distance of 50 mm forward. (F60) with a cutting speed of 60 mm/min
- (M05) Spindle stops rotating
- (M30) End Program
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