The Jackson-Pollock measurement method at 7 points using the Skinfold Caliper is the most common and easy way to use. This method was created by Dr. Andrew Jackson (A.J.) Fox and Dr. Ward C.H. Pollock. Nowadays, this method is still used especially in sports because it is effective and does not require a lot of money. The following is the Jackson-Pollock measurement method at 7 points.
Introduction to Jackson-Pollock Measurement
The Jackson-Pollock method was coined by Dr. Andrew Jackson (A.J.) Fox and Dr. Ward C.H. Pollock. So, in its abbreviation it is called the Jackson-Pollock Method.
The development of the Jackson-Pollock body fat measurement method began in the 1970s. Dr. Andrew Jackson (A.J.) Fox and Dr. Ward C. H. Pollock conducted various research and studies to find a more efficient and practical way to estimate body fat percentage in humans. They noticed that measurements of skin folds at specific locations on the body could give an indication of total body fat.
After a series of studies and experiments, they identified seven skinfold sites that provide good results for estimating body fat percentage. These locations later became the basis of the Jackson-Pollock body fat measurement method that is known and widely used today. These locations became known as the Jackson-Pollock Formula 7.
Types of Body Fat
Body fat in the human body consist of subcutaneous and visceral fat.
Subkutan Fat
Subcutaneous fat is fat that is found under the skin, just above the muscles. This is the easiest type of fat to see and touch. When a person experiences excess calories from food compared to body needs, subcutaneous fat will increase, causing weight gain.
Visceral Fat
Visceral fat is fat around the organs in the body, such as the liver, kidneys and pancreas. Therefore, this type of fat is invisible and cannot be felt directly because it is located in the abdominal cavity. This fat sits between the internal organs and is attached to the abdominal wall.
Thus, the fat that can be measured by the Jackson-Pollock Measurement Method is subcutaneous fat.
Jackson-Pollock Measurement at 7 Sites
The most common measurements of Subcutaneous Fat are performed on:
- Triceps : The measurement at this location reflects the accumulation of subcutaneous fat on the upper arm. Fat in this area can provide a general indication of overall body fat levels.
- Biceps : The measurement at this location also provides information about subcutaneous fat on the upper arm and, when combined with triceps measurement, offers a more comprehensive representation.
- Subscapular : The measurement at the lower outer corner of the shoulder blade reflects the accumulation of fat on the back of the body, particularly around the shoulder blade area. This measurement can provide information about subcutaneous fat in the back and chest area.
- Suprailiac : The measurement above the hip bone reflects the accumulation of fat on the front of the body, near the hip region. Fat in this area can provide information about subcutaneous fat in the abdominal and hip areas.
- Abdomen : The measurement at this location provides information about the accumulation of fat in the abdominal area. Fat in this area is often a concern due to its association with higher health risks.
- Supraspinale/Iliac Crest : The measurement at this location reflects the accumulation of fat on the back and sides of the body, including the area above the hip bone and around the shoulder blade.
- Thigh : The measurement at this location reflects the accumulation of fat on the front of the thigh, which is often an area where fat is stored in some individuals.
The Jackson-Pollock Skinfold Measurement Formula
Plug Measurements into the Formula:
For men, use the following formula :
Body Density (men) = 1.097 - (0.000422 x sum of skinfolds in mm) + (0.00000077 x sum of skinfolds in mm squared) - (0.00078 x age in years)
For women, use the following formula :
Body Density (women) = 1.097 - (0.000415 x sum of skinfolds in mm) + (0.00000063 x sum of skinfolds in mm squared) - (0.00064 x age in years)
Calculate Body Fat Percentage :
Once you have calculated the body density using the appropriate formula for men or women, you can then use the following equation to estimate body fat percentage :
Body Fat Percentage = (495 / Body Density) - 450
Jackson-Pollock Measurement with Skinfold Caliper
Skinfold Caliper consists of two types namely Harpenden Skinfold Caliper and Slim Guide Caliper. Both have the same function. The difference between the two is only in the basic material of the instrument. Where, Harpenden Skinfold Calipers are made from the highest grade Stainless and Aluminum.
In contrast, the Slim Guide Skinfold Caliper is made from plastic which is easier to use because of its lightweight material. Even so, both are portable measuring instruments that can be taken anywhere.
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