Vibration in CNC machines is a challenge that every CNC machine operator often faces during operations such as milling, turning, or drilling. The causes of engine vibration can vary, such problems such as a machine or tool slipping or inadequate workpiece hold. However, be aware that reducing the spindle speed and feed rate is not always enough to deal with the problem. Finding the root cause of vibration is crucial, not only to reduce production time but also to improve the quality of the products produced.
Understanding CNC Turning Machine
CNC machines are automated devices controlled by computers through the use of numerical language, which is in the form of movement commands that use a combination of numbers and letters. This machine can perform various production operations or material processing with high precision.
CNC lathes operate on a basic principle of movement similar to conventional lathes. Its movement involves moving in transverse and horizontal directions using the X and Z axis coordinate systems. The way CNC lathes work is the same as conventional lathes, where the workpiece is mounted on a moving basin while the cutting tool is stationary.
Understanding Vibration in CNC Turning Machines
Vibration is an undesirable behavior and appears when operating a workpiece. Vibrations can be non-resonant, for example when using tools that wear unevenly. Non-resonant vibrations are generally consistent throughout the processing cycle and can often be easily identified as the cause. Vibrations caused by resonance can be detected when finding the right combination of several components between equipment, clamping, processing strategy, machine laying and machine configuration. This type of vibration can be identified at certain points on a device.
Vibration on CNC Lathes
CNC lathe vibrations are classified into three types, namely free vibration, forced vibration, and existence vibration.
1. Vibration Free
Free vibration refers to the type of vibration that occurs due to the initial impulse, generally in the form of pulses on an object. In the context of CNC lathes, this kind of vibration depends on the initial impulse to obtain vibration energy in a certain period of time. Free vibration tends to have a limited time history and usually does not cause damage to CNC lathes. Therefore, the influence of free vibration on such machines is generally considered insignificant.
2. Forced Vibration
Forced vibration is the vibration of an object that occurs due to the presence of an external force that continuously changes periodically referred to as forced vibration. Regular and repeated forces cause vibrations in the object or an object.
3. Self Excited Vibration
Self Excited vibration is a form of vibration that arises due to excitation produced by the system itself, without the influence of external forces. This type of vibration occurs as a result of the internal characteristics or special properties of the system.
Causes and Solutions of Vibration:
| Vibration | Caused | Solution |
| Forced Vibration | a. Centrifugal Force b. Transmission Part Error c. Clearance During Cutting | a. Reduce the excitation force. b. Increase the strength and attenuation of the system on lathes. c. Adjust the natural frequency of the system to avoid resonation. d. Use a damper on the machine to reduce vibration. |
| Vibration Self Excited | Caused by the vibration itself | Selection of height when installing the tool and make sure to place the tool securely. |
Solutions to Reduce Vibration in CNC Turning Machines With Regular Maintenance
CNC machine maintenance processes are grouped into various types, where preventive maintenance is the most common. This maintenance is carried out periodically to prevent fatal damage to CNC machines and at the same time reduce operational costs in the long run. The preventive maintenance is divided according to a predetermined period, namely daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly. The longer the period used, the more treatment processes must be done.
This graph shows the performance of CNC turning equipment or machines in the event of early maintenance (preventive, proactive or predictive). The better preventive maintenance is done, the significantly less corrective repair work. The cost will also be cheaper than corrective maintenance.
Advantages of Effective Maintenance Application on CNC Machines With proper and careful execution, a number of advantages will be achieved. Here are the benefits obtained from the CNC machine maintenance process:
- Improve performance efficiency.
- Prevent accidents that can be fatal.
- Reduce operational costs.
- Ensuring that the quality of production remains in accordance with standards.
- Maintain the continuity of the company in the long term.
Thus a general explanation of vibration on CNC turning machines based on the understanding, vibration and vibration reducing solutions on CNC turning machines until here first about the explanation of CNC turning machines.
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This article was written by Imam Ahmad Nuh, UNS Mechanical Engineering Education Student
